When the Budget Becomes Policy: What This Session Signals for Kentucky School Districts

February 2, 2026

In legislative sessions, individual bills often attract the most attention. But for Kentucky’s public school districts, the budget is the policy that ultimately shapes everything else. This session is no exception.

The House budget proposal released this week provides an early and important signal about legislative priorities, governing philosophy, and the operating environment districts should prepare for over the next biennium. While the proposal is described as a “bare-bones” budget, the implications for districts are anything but minimal. For superintendents, the key question is not whether education was “protected” in name, but whether the budget creates the conditions necessary for stability, staffing, and sustained improvement.

This moment calls for clarity, not reaction. Understanding what the budget signals, how it will be reviewed, and where superintendent engagement matters most will be critical in the weeks ahead.

A Shift Toward Budget Scrutiny

A defining feature of the House proposal is its reliance on an intensified Budget Review Subcommittee process, particularly for P–12 education. This approach reflects a broader legislative intent to apply a quasi zero-based budgeting lens across state government.

In practical terms, this means programs and funding streams may be examined line by line, with legislators seeking justification not only for growth, but for continuation. The rhetoric accompanying the budget emphasizes spending restraint rather than revenue limitation, reinforcing the expectation that agencies and sectors demonstrate return on investment.

For education, this posture presents both a challenge and an opportunity. Districts have evidence of progress since the pandemic, including improved assessment outcomes and national recognition for recovery gains. These results did not happen in isolation. They are directly connected to targeted policy investments and sustained district-level execution. The budget review process will be the forum where that connection must be clearly and consistently articulated.

“Protected” Education and the Reality of Flat Funding

The House proposal characterizes education funding as protected. In technical terms, several core elements remain intact: full-day kindergarten continues, Tier I funding remains at 17.5 percent, and the actuarially required contribution for the Teachers’ Retirement System is fully funded.

However, protection is not the same as progress. The SEEK base remains flat. Transportation funding is held at current levels rather than being fully funded based on updated data. Tier I does not advance beyond the existing percentage.

For districts, flat funding across these recurring revenue streams has real consequences. Salary schedules are not static. Transportation costs do not hold steady. Inflation erodes purchasing power even when nominal dollars remain unchanged.

A flat SEEK base across the biennium also creates a structural issue in the second year of the budget cycle, effectively reducing state support when enrollment shifts and local calculations are applied. Over time, this dynamic constrains districts’ ability to plan responsibly, invest in staff, and sustain instructional momentum.

Recurring Revenue and the Staffing Reality

One of the most important connections highlighted this session is the relationship between recurring revenue and personnel decisions. Budget language continues to encourage districts to provide raises for certified and classified staff. Yet when the primary recurring revenue sources that support salaries are flatlined, districts are placed in an untenable position.

Providing raises without recurring revenue creates long-term financial pressure. Salary commitments compound year over year as employees advance on the schedule. Without growth in SEEK, transportation relief, or Tier I investment, districts are asked to absorb increasing obligations with static resources.

This tension is not theoretical. It affects hiring decisions, retention efforts, and the ability to compete with private-sector wages. The growing gap between education salaries and other workforce sectors is already reshaping labor markets across the Commonwealth. Budget decisions that fail to account for this reality risk undermining the very workforce stability legislators say they want to support.

Transportation: An Ongoing Pressure Point

Transportation funding remains a persistent concern. Previous efforts to fully fund transportation were based on outdated data, resulting in partial rather than full reimbursement for districts. The current proposal maintains funding at existing levels rather than correcting that gap.

Transportation costs are recurring, unavoidable, and rising. When state funding does not keep pace, districts must divert resources from classrooms to buses, fuel, and maintenance. Fully funding transportation based on current data would free recurring local dollars that could be reinvested in instruction and teacher compensation.

The interest among some legislators in addressing transportation funding suggests this issue is not closed. It will be one of the most important areas for superintendent engagement during budget review discussions.

Tier I and Equity Considerations

Tier I funding remains at 17.5 percent, below the 20 percent level discussed in the previous budget cycle. Tier I plays a critical role in narrowing gaps between districts with differing property wealth and reinforcing the principle that educational opportunity should not depend on geography.

Incremental increases to Tier I are among the most direct ways the budget can support equity while providing recurring revenue that districts can rely on. Holding Tier I flat preserves existing disparities rather than addressing them.

Transparency Bills and Administrative Capacity

Beyond the budget, several bills advancing this session carry operational implications that intersect directly with funding decisions. Financial transparency legislation, including expanded posting requirements for credit card statements and superintendent contracts, has moved quickly.

Transparency is not a contested value. Districts already comply with extensive reporting and open records requirements. The concern is capacity. New mandates require time, systems, and staff to implement responsibly. Without accompanying resources, these requirements increase administrative workload, particularly in smaller districts with limited central office staffing.

This context matters when legislators simultaneously express concern about administrative growth. Policy choices that add reporting obligations while criticizing administrative capacity create contradictory pressures at the district level.

The Importance of Local Fiscal Impact

Several proposals this session raise questions about local revenue, including constitutional amendments affecting property taxes. While state-level fiscal impacts may be documented, the local consequences for school districts are often unclear or unaddressed.

School districts are among the largest recipients of local property tax revenue. Changes that reduce local growth without replacement funding directly affect district budgets, staffing, and services. Requesting comprehensive local fiscal impact statements is not procedural resistance. It is responsible governance.

Why Superintendent Engagement Matters Now

The budget is not final. The most consequential decisions will be shaped during the Budget Review Subcommittee process and subsequent negotiations. Many of these discussions occur outside formal hearings, making relationships and early engagement essential.

Superintendents bring credibility grounded in operational reality. The progress districts have made since the pandemic, the pressures they face in staffing and transportation, and the limits of flat funding are not abstract concepts. They are lived realities in every community.

Clear, consistent messaging focused on recurring revenue, sustainability, and return on investment will matter more than volume or rhetoric. This is the moment to reinforce that education outcomes improve when policy and funding are aligned with implementation capacity.

Staying Steady in a Compressed Session

Legislative sessions move quickly, and budget cycles move even faster. Amid a long list of bills and shifting headlines, the underlying budget framework deserves sustained attention.

For Kentucky’s superintendents, steadiness is the goal. Staying aligned around core priorities, engaging early where decisions are being shaped, and focusing on operational consequences rather than political framing will protect districts and students alike.

The budget will determine what districts can realistically deliver over the next two years. Treating it as the central policy document it is remains the most effective advocacy strategy this session.

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When Well-Intended Policy Meets Implementation Reality: Why Language Matters Before the Gavel Falls

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Well-intended education policy can create unintended consequences when definitions, timing, and interaction are overlooked. A superintendent perspective on why clarity matters before legislation becomes practice.

Administrative Load and Legislative Refinement: What District Leaders Need Lawmakers to Understand

January 16, 2026

An overview of how legislative changes affect district capacity, staffing, costs, and implementation, and why operational realities matter for student-focused governance.

Legislative Priorities: A Clear Call to Action for Kentucky’s Public Schools

January 15, 2026

Kentucky’s public schools are entering a pivotal moment. As the General Assembly begins its work in the 2026 legislative session, decisions made in Frankfort will shape the future of teaching, learning, and opportunity across the Commonwealth. As superintendents responsible for educating more than 600,000 students across Kentucky, we believe this moment requires clarity, collaboration, and an unwavering commitment to putting Kids First. Public education thrives when policy reflects both statewide goals and local realities. This session, three legislative priorities rise above all others as essential to student success: a modern accountability system focused on continuous improvement, a sustainable educator workforce pipeline, and fully funded SEEK. These priorities are not theoretical. They directly impact classrooms, communities, and the future of Kentucky’s workforce. Accountability with Purpose Kentucky has an opportunity to lead with an accountability system that reflects what communities value most. Through the Kentucky United We Learn initiative, educators, families, and education leaders have come together to design a framework focused on continuous improvement, local voice, and shared responsibility. This collaborative work emphasizes growth, relevance, and trust rather than compliance alone. The United We Learn framework recognizes that meaningful accountability must balance statewide expectations with locally identified measures of success, allowing communities to define what success looks like while remaining aligned to statewide goals. When communities see themselves reflected in accountability, engagement increases and outcomes improve. KASS continues to support implementation efforts that ensure accountability remains transparent, student-centered, and responsive to community needs. Learn more about the framework through the Kentucky Department of Education’s United We Learn initiative. Building and Sustaining the Educator Workforce Educators are the foundation of Kentucky’s public schools. Teachers, principals, and superintendents shape learning environments where students are supported academically and socially. Yet recruitment and retention challenges threaten the stability of this foundation. Building a strong workforce pipeline requires a long-term approach. Competitive compensation, flexible certification pathways, job-embedded professional learning, and meaningful induction supports all play a role, along with the flexibility for local districts to recruit, support, and retain educators in ways that reflect their unique community contexts. KASS supports continued work with the Education Professional Standards Board to broaden pathways into the profession and ensure talented educators can meet student needs in diverse settings. When we invest in people, we invest directly in students. Strengthening the educator pipeline is not simply a workforce issue. It is one of the most direct student success strategies available to policymakers. Sustaining and Strengthening SEEK Funding Equitable funding remains central to educational opportunity. The Support Education Excellence in Kentucky (SEEK) formula is the Commonwealth’s primary tool for ensuring students have access to comparable educational opportunities regardless of zip code. Over time, inflation has eroded SEEK’s purchasing power, placing additional strain on local districts. Restoring SEEK to its inflation-adjusted 2008 level, fully funding add-ons, and providing long-term predictability are essential steps toward fiscal stability and toward meeting the Commonwealth’s long-term responsibility to provide an efficient system of public education. Adequate funding allows districts to plan responsibly, support staff, and meet the academic and social-emotional needs of students. Additional information on SEEK and Kentucky’s education funding system is available through the Legislative Research Commission. Progress Through Unified Advocacy Kentucky’s education leaders have seen firsthand the impact of unified advocacy. In recent years, collective KASS efforts have helped secure investments in full-day kindergarten, student transportation, and school safety. These wins demonstrate what is possible when education leaders speak clearly, consistently, and together, and when superintendents engage early, often, and constructively with policymakers. While progress has been made, continued advocacy remains essential. Each legislative session presents new challenges and opportunities, and sustained engagement ensures student needs remain at the center of policy decisions. A Moment That Matters This legislative session represents a defining moment for public education in Kentucky. Lawmakers must hear directly from education leaders about what students need to succeed. Public schools remain the Commonwealth’s greatest engine of opportunity, and bold, sustained investment is critical to their success. The path forward is clear. Together, we must lead with urgency, advocate with unity, and act with purpose. KASS will continue to engage lawmakers, partner agencies, and superintendents throughout the session to advance these priorities with clarity and consistency. Kentucky’s superintendents stand ready to work with policymakers to ensure every decision keeps students at the center and strengthens the future of public education.

District Spotlight: Butler County Schools

January 8, 2026

Public education thrives when communities, educators, and policymakers work together with a shared purpose. In Butler County Schools, that collaboration is translating into meaningful opportunities for students, thoughtful stewardship of resources, and learning experiences that extend far beyond classroom walls. Serving more than 2,100 students across five schools, Butler County Schools is guided by a clear vision: one team with one vision that makes us Butler Strong. Central to that vision is the district’s Portrait of a Learner framework, which emphasizes character, problem solving, communication, collaboration, and global citizenship. These durable skills are woven into every initiative, ensuring students are prepared not only for graduation, but for lifelong success. Expanding Career Pathways Through Real-World Learning Career and technical education plays a vital role in preparing students for the workforce and postsecondary opportunities. In Butler County, legislative support for CTE has strengthened programs at the Area Technology Center, allowing students to engage in authentic, hands-on experiences that mirror real-world expectations. One powerful example is the partnership with Northern Kentucky University, where students participated in an advanced cadaver experience as part of their healthcare pathway. This opportunity challenged students to think critically, apply classroom knowledge, and engage ethically with complex medical concepts. Experiences like this help students clarify career interests while building confidence and professionalism. Research consistently shows that students who participate in high-quality CTE programs are more likely to graduate and pursue meaningful careers. By investing in these pathways, Kentucky is helping districts like Butler County prepare a skilled, adaptable workforce that meets regional and statewide needs. Literacy, Service, and the Power of Connection Academic success is deeply connected to literacy, and Butler County Schools is embracing innovative approaches to nurture both reading skills and student leadership. Supported by literacy-focused legislation, district initiatives encourage students to see learning as something that happens everywhere, not just during the school day. At Morgantown Elementary School, the Books and Braids program brings this philosophy to life. High school students volunteer their time to mentor younger readers, combining literacy practice with relationship building and confidence. These early-morning sessions foster a love of reading while modeling empathy, responsibility, and service. Programs like this highlight the broader impact of literacy investments. When students are engaged as leaders and mentors, learning becomes relational and meaningful, strengthening school culture and community ties. Stewardship That Supports Classrooms Effective use of resources is another cornerstone of student success. Through an innovative energy partnership with Trane Technologies, Butler County Schools has demonstrated how problem solving and collaboration can yield significant results. The district’s efforts have generated more than $96,000 in annual savings while improving ENERGY STAR scores across school facilities. These savings are not just numbers on a spreadsheet. They represent dollars that can be redirected to classrooms, instructional resources, and student supports. They also model responsible stewardship for students, showing how thoughtful decision-making can have lasting benefits. Facility efficiency is increasingly important as districts balance rising costs with the need to maintain safe, healthy learning environments. Butler County’s approach illustrates how legislative support for facility improvements can empower districts to be both fiscally responsible and student focused. Collaboration as a Catalyst for Growth None of these successes happen in isolation. Butler County Schools benefits from strong partnerships with higher education institutions, community organizations, and local leaders who share a commitment to student success. These relationships expand learning opportunities and ensure students are supported by a broad network of advocates. Collaboration within the district is equally important. By aligning initiatives to the Portrait of a Learner framework, educators across schools work toward common goals while meeting the unique needs of their students. This shared purpose strengthens consistency, equity, and outcomes. Aligning With Kentucky’s Education Priorities The work underway in Butler County reflects broader legislative priorities for Kentucky’s public schools. Continued support for Read to Succeed and Numeracy Counts initiatives underscores the importance of strong foundational skills. Investments in CTE and facility efficiency align with efforts to strengthen the education pipeline and ensure responsible use of public funds. When policy and practice are aligned, districts are better positioned to innovate, plan for the future, and respond to local needs. Butler County Schools’ success demonstrates the value of sustained, thoughtful investment in public education. Looking Ahead As Butler County Schools looks to the future, the focus remains clear: expand opportunities, strengthen partnerships, and keep students at the center of every decision. With continued legislative support and community collaboration, the district will build on its momentum, ensuring that every learner has access to the experiences and supports they need to thrive. Together, we are building stronger schools, brighter futures, and communities that are truly Butler Strong. Learn more about Butler County Schools’ work by visiting Butler County Schools website.

Sustaining the Promise of SEEK: Keeping Kentucky’s Commitment to Every Child

January 6, 2026

For more than thirty years, Kentucky has relied on the Support Education Excellence in Kentucky formula to fulfill a simple but powerful promise: every child deserves access to a high-quality public education, no matter their zip code. The SEEK formula was designed to make this promise real by supporting equity, strengthening local schools, and prioritizing the needs of students and educators. Today, that promise remains just as vital. Our districts continue to serve students with rising academic, mental health, transportation, and safety needs. Yet while expectations for schools have grown, state funding has not kept pace with real costs. As a result, local communities carry an increasing share of the burden, which challenges fairness and weakens our commitment to the Kids First mission. Understanding the Funding Gap When we look at historical trends, the issue becomes clearer. In 2008, the inflation-adjusted SEEK base was the equivalent of $5,743 per student. Today, even with periodic increases, Kentucky has not restored that level of investment. Districts, especially those with lower property wealth, are forced to rely heavily on local revenue to maintain basic programs, staffing, and student supports. This widens the gap between communities and places additional pressure on families. As we move into a new budget cycle, this is a central KASS legislative priority. Closing the SEEK shortfall and ensuring sustainable growth in state funding is essential not just for the next two years but for long-term district planning and stability. Why Add-Ons Matter for Students The SEEK base is only part of the equation. Add-on components provide targeted funding for transportation, full-day kindergarten, mental health professionals, school safety officers, and other essential services. These supports reflect the real needs of Kentucky students and the increasing expectations placed on schools. Fully funding these add-ons is not optional. It is a core part of delivering on our constitutional responsibility to provide every child with an efficient system of common schools. KASS continues to advocate for full reimbursement for school resource officers, codification of school facility funding efficiencies (such as those in HB 727), and financial impact statements on every education bill to prevent unfunded mandates for districts. Moving Toward a Stronger, More Sustainable SEEK SEEK can and should evolve to reflect the modern realities of public education. KASS supports improvements that include: Annual SEEK adjustments that track inflation so districts are not losing purchasing power each year Modernizing add-on structures to account for actual costs Aligning state and local contributions toward a sustainable 60/40 balance Ensuring consistency and predictability so districts can build long-term budgets with confidence These steps strengthen local schools, reduce inequities across communities, and honor Kentucky’s commitment to public education. Keeping Kids First: Why This Matters Now When we talk about SEEK, we are ultimately talking about fairness. A child in a rural Eastern Kentucky county deserves every opportunity available to a child in a suburban or urban district. With consistent and equitable funding, schools can continue: Recruiting and retaining high-quality educators Expanding mental health and academic supports Providing safe learning environments Offering robust pathways in career and technical education, college preparation, and workforce development These goals align directly with KASS’s 2026 priorities: investing in educator pipelines, reducing outdated mandates, expanding learning opportunities, and strengthening the financial foundation of Kentucky’s schools. A Path Forward for Kentucky The way ahead is clear. Kentucky must commit to a sustainable, fully funded SEEK system that acknowledges the real cost of educating our children. By doing so, we keep our promise to students, families, and communities. We also ensure that public education remains the Commonwealth’s most powerful driver of opportunity, mobility, and economic strength. Together, with a unified voice and a Kids First vision, we can build a future where every student across Kentucky is supported, valued, and prepared for success.

Building Leadership Pipelines for Kentucky’s Future

November 26, 2025

Strong schools are built on strong leadership. Across Kentucky, superintendents understand that thriving classrooms and successful districts depend on more than one leader at the top. They rely on principals, assistant principals, teacher-leaders, instructional coaches, and district staff who share responsibility for shaping the future of public education. At KASS, we believe that every district deserves a great superintendent, every school deserves a great principal, and every classroom deserves a great teacher. None of that happens by accident. Leadership Development: The Foundation of Strong Schools Recent statewide data affirms what local leaders see every day: leadership pipelines matter. When schools intentionally invest in developing leadership capacity, they cultivate innovation, stability, and long-term success. These pipelines ensure that when experienced leaders retire or change roles, a new generation is prepared to step forward with skill and vision. As KDE continues expanding professional learning and leadership pathways, the message is clear: leadership development is not a luxury—it is essential. Kentucky schools are meeting rising expectations related to mental health, school safety, family engagement, career readiness, and personalized learning. Meeting these demands requires a deep bench of capable, well-supported leaders. Leadership Pipelines: Essential, Not Optional Investing in leadership pipelines means creating systems that identify, mentor, and prepare future school leaders. These systems help districts: Identify teachers with leadership potential Provide targeted coaching and mentoring Offer professional development aligned with district goals The Wallace Foundation reports that school leadership is second only to classroom instruction in its influence on student achievement. Kentucky districts that invest in structured pipelines are creating the conditions for sustained excellence. But leadership development in Kentucky is not limited to adults. Increasingly, schools recognize that student leadership is essential to student success . Whether through student voice initiatives, service learning, or Portraits of a Learner that emphasize collaboration, initiative, and agency, schools are intentionally cultivating leadership in young people. As I often reminded my own leadership teams, if students aren’t in on it, our efforts will fall short of their intended impact. When we invest in strong adult leadership pipelines, we make possible equally strong student leadership pipelines—ensuring that learners graduate empowered, engaged, and ready to lead in their communities and careers. Aligning with Kentucky’s Education Priorities KASS has long emphasized that education leadership is a workforce priority. The 2026 KASS Legislative Priorities reinforce this message through policies that support educator recruitment, retention, and leadership development—broadening certification options, expanding job-embedded professional learning, and strengthening grow-your-own initiatives such as Educators Rising. Just as importantly, KASS advocates for reducing unnecessary bureaucratic burdens on schools so leaders can focus on students, not paperwork. Some have argued that districts are growing administrative staff unnecessarily. In reality, the expansion of district-level responsibilities is a direct response to state and federal mandates —most of them well intentioned, but increasingly complex. These requirements lean heavily toward compliance rather than engagement, empowerment, or student impact, and they come with extensive reporting, monitoring, and oversight obligations. When laws are passed quickly, without full consideration of the operational impact, they can create wide-ranging, unintended consequences—especially when they are underfunded or unfunded. These mandates directly shape district staffing patterns, making administrative support a necessity rather than a choice. If Kentucky wants leaner bureaucracy, the solution is not to cut people who are required to carry out legally mandated tasks—it is to r eview and streamline the mandates themselves so schools can redirect time, resources, and talent back into developing strong leaders at every level. This vision aligns directly with United We Learn , which calls on Kentucky to rethink accountability and build systems that empower, rather than constrain, educators and local communities. Investing in People for Student Success Leadership pipelines strengthen the teaching profession and improve outcomes for every learner. Research from the National Bureau of Economic Research shows that schools led by effective principals see higher teacher retention and stronger student performance. And when adult leaders focus on empowering students, the impact multiplies. Schools with strong leadership cultures give students more opportunities to practice agency, take initiative, and develop the skills emphasized in Kentucky’s Portrait of a Learner. KASS continues to advocate for legislative funding that prioritizes people over programs. Districts need flexibility and resources to provide competitive salaries, mentoring programs, and professional learning communities that elevate educators at every stage of their careers—and, in turn, elevate the leadership pathways available to students. A Shared Vision for the Future For Kentucky’s superintendents, this work is both urgent and hopeful. Leadership development provides stability during times of change and momentum during times of challenge. Across the Commonwealth, superintendents are cultivating a culture of mentorship, collaboration, and lifelong learning that benefits every student. By strengthening Kentucky’s leadership pipeline—both for adults and for students—we ensure that every child learns in a school led by compassionate, highly skilled professionals committed to keeping Kids First . That is how we build a stronger, more resilient future for Kentucky’s public schools.